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Grade 12 History national exam, 2015 E.C. (2023 G.C.)
99 questions · 120 minutes. The first 5 answers are shown with explanations; sit the whole paper timed in the app to get your score and the textbook page behind every question.
- 1.Which one of the following was a factor for the Oromo population movement of the 16th century?
- A. The desire to expand Oromo religion.
- B. The desire to find new pastures for cattle.
- C. The need to expand the tax base of the Oromo.
- D. The demand to establish political control over new areas.
Answer: B. Cattle numbers in the Bale highlands grew from the 14th century until there was not enough grazing land left. Young Oromo men drove the herds south and west into the lowlands of the Middle Awash and the Ganale valleys to find pasture, and that search grew into the large movement that began around 1522. Option D fails because political control over new land was a result of the movement, not the reason it started. Textbook: Grade 11, unit 7 · section 7.5. - 2.What challenge did Emperor Serse Dingil face beyond the Mereb River in the 1570s?
- A. Turkish expansionism
- B. Disobedience from the na'ib of Arkiko.
- C. Mutiny among royal regiments in the province.
- D. Rebellion by local people
Answer: A. The question tests the challenge Serse Dingil faced beyond the Mereb River in the 1570s. Turkish expansion threatened the Christian kingdom’s control and security in the area. B is wrong because the question points to the Turkish threat, not Arkiko’s na'ib. C is wrong because a royal-regiment mutiny is not the challenge described. D is wrong because local rebellion is not the keyed challenge. Textbook: Grade 11, unit 8 · section 8.2. - 3.What achievements earned Iyasu I the nickname 'Iyasu the Great'?
- A. The successful campaign against the Funj Sultanate in the west.
- B. Revision of works related to the legal code and taxation
- C. Introduction of new forms of architecture in the city of Gonder.
- D. Restoration of Gonderine rule over south-western Ethiopia.
Answer: B. The key idea is that Iyasu I was called great for important reforms. He revised the legal code and the system of taxation, which changed how laws and taxes were handled. A is wrong because the Funj campaign is not the achievement linked to this nickname. C is wrong because new architecture in Gonder is not the achievement named here. D is wrong because restoring rule over south-western Ethiopia is not the achievement named here. Textbook: Grade 11, unit 8 · section 8.2. - 4.What helped the Ching dynasty in China to gain the support of the indigenous Han ruling class?
- A. The continuation of Chinese administrative practices by the Ching.
- B. The successful rejection of the 'Unequal Treaties' by the Ching.
- C. The reduction of the tax on the Chinese peasantry.
- D. The opening of China for foreign trade and civilization by the Ching.
Answer: A. The Ching (Qing) were Manchu, that is outsiders, so they ruled through the Chinese machine they inherited. They kept the Confucian civil service examinations, the same ministries and the same law codes, so Han scholars could still win rank and office and had a reason to serve the new dynasty. Option B fails because the Ching were forced to sign the Unequal Treaties after the Opium Wars, not to reject them. Textbook: Grade 11, unit 4 · section 4.3. - 5.What was the fundamental source of conflict between Charles I and the English Short Parliament?
- A. Disagreement on the authority of the king to sign treaties without consulting Parliament.
- B. Dispute as to whether or not Presbyterians can be head of the English Church.
- C. Disagreement on the nature of union between England and Scotland.
- D. Dispute over raising taxes to suppress the rebellion in Scotland.
Answer: D. The question tests the main cause of conflict between Charles I and the Short Parliament. Charles needed money to fight the Scottish rebellion, but Parliament disputed raising taxes for that war. A is wrong because treaty-making was not the main dispute; B is wrong because this was not the central issue; C is wrong because the union of England and Scotland was not the main dispute. Textbook: Grade 11, unit 4 · section 4.7. - 6.Which of the following is a dominant idea among Enlightenment thinkers?
- A. Man can attain salvation only through good work.
- B. Humans can achieve progress through the application of reason.
- C. Democracy is the best form of government.
- D. Religion is important for social cohesion.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 7.What was behind the outbreak of the Latin American revolutions in the early 19th century?
- A. Implementation of the Monroe Doctrine by the US.
- B. Re-division of Latin America between the Spanish and Portuguese.
- C. Decline of French rule in the Atlantic colonies.
- D. Ideas generated by the Enlightenment thinkers.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 8.What was the common feature of the 1848 revolutions in Europe?
- A. They were inspired by the idea of establishing a liberal government.
- B. They were primarily led by a coalition of youth groups and bourgeoisie.
- C. They drew inspiration from the successful revolutions in America.
- D. They ultimately failed because of divisions among the leadership on future goals.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 9.Who was responsible for the end of the Funj Sultanate?
- A. The Abdallabi
- B. Iyasu II
- C. Amara Dunqas
- D. Mohammed Ali
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 10.Which one of the following explains Egypt's prosperity under the Mamlukes?
- A. The successful participation of Egypt in the Crusades.
- B. The decline of Ottoman control over the Mediterranean.
- C. Egypt's participation in the trans-Saharan trade.
- D. The construction of a canal across the Red Sea.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 11.Which of the following people was responsible for invading India in the 14th century?
- A. The Han
- B. The Arabs
- C. The Mongols
- D. The Huns
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 12.Which one of the following is a Central Cushitic language?
- A. Gedeo
- B. Burji
- C. Beja
- D. Bilen
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 13.Where was the ancient state of Punt located?
- A. The Eastern coast of the Red Sea
- B. In Northeast Africa
- C. On the Swahili Coast
- D. Along the Ethio-Sudan borderlands.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 14.What factors facilitated the rise of the Zagwe Dynasty?
- A. The popularity that the Agaw gained because of the rock hewn churches.
- B. The increased interaction of the Agaw elite with the Aksumite court.
- C. The spread of Christianity among the Agaw populations.
- D. The shift of the major trade routes from Massawa to Zeila.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 15.Which of the following was characteristic of Renaissance Humanism?
- A. Desire to recreate the Roman Empire.
- B. Study of classical Islamic literature.
- C. Focus on how to achieve salvation.
- D. Interest in everyday human conditions.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 16.How did the Solomonic rulers of the medieval period in Ethiopia try to solve the problem of royal succession?
- A. By inventing a system of a caretaker administration that ruled for a few years until final selection of a king is made.
- B. By designing a system in which the decisions of the Church leaders on succession became final.
- C. By developing a prison system for male royal prison system in which male descendants of a monarch were kept.
- D. By establishing a clear rule of succession.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 17.Which one of the following was a characteristic feature of the Muslim sultanates of Medieval Ethiopia?
- A. Their economy was mainly dependent on trade.
- B. Their rulers exercised limited power and authority.
- C. Their populations were made up of Muslims and Christians.
- D. Their ruling class were immigrants from Arabia.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 18.Which one of the following is true about the Kingdom of Kaffa?
- A. It was ruled by a king who had limited power.
- B. It was created by invaders from neighbouring Enarya.
- C. It had a dynasty that came from the Manjo clan.
- D. It had developed an efficient system of defending its territory.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 19.What was the main cause for the expansion of the Christian kingdom during the medieval period?
- A. Determination to restore the lost territories of the Aksumites.
- B. Ambition to acquire slaves for export to Arabia.
- C. Desire to expand its resource base.
- D. The need to expand Christianity.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 20.Which one of the following factors intensified the conflict between the Christian kingdom and the Sultanate of Adal in the 15th and early 16th centuries?
- A. The shift of the Christian political center to Shewa.
- B. The introduction of new weapons like muskets.
- C. The establishment of the Turks along the Red Sea coast.
- D. The pressure created by the migration of lowland pastoralists.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 21.What was the factor that led to the decline of the gada institution among the Oromo of the Gibe region?
- A. Political influence of Sudanese states of the Ethio-Sudan border.
- B. The shift of the economy from pastoralism to agriculture.
- C. Warfare and the rise of powerful war leaders.
- D. The conquest of the region by the forces of Menelik.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 22.Which of the following is NOT a correct description of long-distance trade routes of 19th century Ethiopia?
- A. Jiren–Rogge–Harar–Massawa
- B. Basso–Darita–Gonder–Metema
- C. Jiren–Seka–Soddo–Aliyu Amba
- D. Bonga–Jiren–Asendabo–Darita
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 23.What was Giuseppe Garibaldi's role in the unification of Italy?
- A. He brought together the Pope and Cavour to work for unification.
- B. He inspired and led a popular uprising for Italian unification.
- C. He secured Napoleon III's diplomatic support for Italian unification.
- D. He deepened Italian national consciousness through his writings.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 24.How did the Congress of Vienna of 1815 lay the ground for the German unification?
- A. It made Prussia the leading German state of the confederation.
- B. It brought the different German states under one customs union.
- C. It made German an official language for the confederation.
- D. It created a German confederation led by Austria.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 25.Which one of the following was a consequence of the American Civil War?
- A. Industrialization of American economy.
- B. Colonization of the south by the north.
- C. Toleration of slavery in some parts of the south.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 26.Which of the following processes contributed to the emergence of the 'The Eastern Question'?
- A. The discovery of oil in territories ruled by the Ottoman Empire.
- B. The rivalry between the Ottomans and Russians for control of the Mediterranean.
- C. The spread of nationalism among the Slavic peoples of the Ottoman Empire.
- D. The expansion of the Austrian Empire to lands that were previously under the control of the Ottomans.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 27.How did Tewodros II come to power?
- A. By defeating his opponents through military means.
- B. By gaining the support of the Orthodox Church.
- C. By claiming he was the Tewodros of The Fikare Iyesus.
- D. By using British diplomatic support.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 28.What was the significance of the Battle of Assam for Kassa Mircha of Tigray?
- A. It convinced the British to support him in his bid to become emperor.
- B. It helped him defeat a major rival and hence become emperor.
- C. It convinced him to modernize his army if he wanted to become emperor.
- D. It helped him become the sole governor of the province of Tigray.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 29.What strategy did Menelik use in his expansion to the south prior to 1889?
- A. Overwhelming force across the whole region.
- B. Force for state societies but negotiation among non-state peoples.
- C. A combination of diplomacy and force across the whole region.
- D. Peaceful methods among Christians but force in non-Christian areas.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 30.Why did Article 17 of the Wuchale Treaty become a source of conflict between Ethiopia and Italy?
- A. Because the Italian version stated that Ethiopia has agreed to become an Italian protectorate.
- B. Because the Amharic and Italian versions did not agree on the boundaries of the two states.
- C. Because the Italian version suggested that Menelik had agreed to give Mereb Melash to Italy.
- D. Because the Amharic and Italian versions did not agree how long Italy should stay at Massawa.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 31.Which one of the following southern states exercised extensive influence in areas south of the Abbay before the 14th century?
- A. Damot
- B. Bizamo
- C. Hadiya
- D. Enarea
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 32.Which one of the following was a feature of European society during the 'Dark Ages'?
- A. The movement of large number of people from the countryside to the cities.
- B. The decline of Christianity and rise of traditional religious beliefs.
- C. The rise in the power of local rulers at the expense of kings and emperors.
- D. The shift of regional political power from Italy northwards to Scandinavia.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 33.Which one of the following was a feature of early capitalism in Europe?
- A. The withdrawal of the special privileges granted to cities by rulers.
- B. The growth of conflict between states and merchants over control of markets.
- C. The shift of the economy from trading to banking and manufacturing.
- D. The rise in importance of the bourgeoisie in economic and cultural life.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 34.What was the cause of the conflict between the Christian highland kingdom and the Muslim sultanates in the Medieval period?
- A. The desire of the ruling classes to collect war booty.
- B. The determination by both parties to spread their religions.
- C. The desire to control the lucrative Zeila trade route.
- D. The need to control the salt producing regions of Afar.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 35.Which one of the following was NOT a consequence of the Oromo population movement of the 16th century?
- A. The adoption of aspects of the gada system by the Christian state.
- B. The shift of some Oromo people to sedentary agriculture.
- C. The assimilation of large number of groups by the Oromo.
- D. The loss of territory by the Christian highland kingdom.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 36.Why did the Jesuits fail to keep Ethiopia a Catholic country during the reign of Susenyos? Because:
- A. they failed to bring in the military support they had promised to Susenyos.
- B. their attempt led to widespread opposition by the population.
- C. they failed to secure the support of the nobility for their cause.
- D. they disagreed with Susenyos over the abolition of the tabot (Ark).
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 37.Which of the following southern African peoples were cattle herders?
- A. The Khoi
- B. The Hausa
- C. The Swahili
- D. The San
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 38.Which one of the following was a term used for the second phase of the Trans-Atlantic slave trade?
- A. Legitimate slave trade.
- B. Free Slave trade
- C. Piratic Slave trade
- D. Monopolistic slave trade
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 39.Which one of the following was a distinct feature of industrial capitalism in Europe in the 19th century?
- A. The emergence of big share companies that traded all over the world.
- B. The transformation of communication through advances in air and railway transportation.
- C. The replacement of human and animal labor by new inanimate sources of power.
- D. The shift of production from the factory to household workshops.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 40.What was the fundamental cause of the American War of Independence?
- A. The formation of closer relationship with the French by the colonists.
- B. Attempts by the British to tighten control over the colonies.
- C. Opposition by the colonists to British policy on slavery.
- D. The unpopularity of George III in the colonies.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 41.Which of the following is true about modernization in Ethiopia under Menelik II?
- A. It failed mainly for lack of finance.
- B. It was not supported by large sections of the population.
- C. It was advanced by the Cabinet established in 1907.
- D. It was limited to the building of schools by foreign missionaries.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 42.What was the consequence of Bismarck's system of alliances for European politics?
- A. It helped Germany expand its influence in Europe as well as Asia.
- B. It encouraged resort to diplomacy rather than war.
- C. It established a balance of forces in Europe, thus averting war.
- D. It led to the establishment of two hostile military camps in Europe.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 43.Which of the following was a consequence of the First World War?
- A. The establishment of British and French dominance in the Middle East.
- B. The partition of Poland among the victorious powers.
- C. The strengthening of the Austrian and Czarist empires.
- D. The complete break- up of the German army and navy.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 44.Why did the Russian working class support the 1917 Revolution? Because:
- A. Conscription of workers had been introduced.
- B. Living conditions of workers had worsened.
- C. Many conscript workers had lost their lives.
- D. the Czar had imposed a war tax on workers
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 45.What strategy did Italy use to undermine Ethiopian unity before the invasion of 1935?
- A. Preventing Ethiopia from producing arms locally.
- B. Signing a treaty of peace and friendship with Ethiopia.
- C. Bribing Ethiopian officials to weaken the imperial government.
- D. Supporting Ethiopia's application to the League of Nations.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 46.Why was the Fascist rule limited largely to the urban centers during the period of Italian occupation of Ethiopia? Because:
- A. the small Italian army could only control the towns.
- B. the countryside was a base for the resistance.
- C. urban services were concentrated in the towns.
- D. Italian soldiers hated service in the countryside.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 47.What was the fundamental factor for the outbreak of the Second World War?
- A. The spread of racism in Germany and Italy.
- B. The arms race between the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente.
- C. The feeling of victimhood felt by Germans about the Versailles Treaty.
- D. The policy of appeasement pursued by Britain and France.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 48.What was the immediate factor for the outbreak of the Second World War?
- A. The invasion of Manchuria by the Japanese.
- B. The attack on Pearl Harbour by the Japanese.
- C. The signing of the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact.
- D. The invasion of Poland by the German army.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 49.What was the importance of the Tehran Conference of 1943 in the formation of the United Nations?
- A. The Charter of the UN was signed by member states there.
- B. The details of the UN structure were worked out there.
- C. The idea of forming the UN received support from the great powers there.
- D. The idea of creating the UN was first discussed there.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 50.Which of the following countries was a member of the Warsaw Pact?
- A. Hungary
- B. Turkey
- C. Greece
- D. Norway
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 51.How does a historian establish the value of a source for his work?
- A. By carrying out a critical evaluation of the source he/she uses.
- B. By making sure that the source comes from a national archive.
- C. By checking it out against books written on a related subject.
- D. By making sure that the source has been used by other historians.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 52.Which one of the following has been a limitation of Ethiopian historiography?
- A. Focus on the pre-modern period rather than the modern period.
- B. Heavy dependence on oral sources rather than documents.
- C. Heavy emphasis on political history than other kinds of history.
- D. Focus on the history of the masses than elite members of society.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 53.What were the distinctive characteristics of Homo erectus?
- A. They migrated from Africa to other continents.
- B. They were the first bipedal species of the genus Homo.
- C. They first developed the technology of using fire.
- D. They were the first tool making hominids.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 54.Which one of the following is correct about the Neolithic Revolution in the Ethiopian region?
- A. It had led to the development of language and ethnicity.
- B. Its history has been reconstructed with artefacts from sites such as Gobedra and Lake Baseka.
- C. It largely affected the northern parts of the region.
- D. It started with the diffusion of different food crops from South Arabia.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 55.What is the key idea of the theory of Oriental Despotism?
- A. That states emerged from the necessity of control over trade routes.
- B. That states came into being as a result of war among despotic tribal leaders.
- C. That states emerged out of the necessity of organizing irrigation works.
- D. That early states were first emerged in the Orient.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 56.Which one of the following is an achievement in Egypt during the New Kingdom?
- A. The unification of upper and lower Egypt.
- B. The development of ideas about the afterlife.
- C. The invention of the 'nomes' as units of administration.
- D. The expansion of the empire to parts of Asia and Africa.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 57.Which one of the following is an achievement of Sumerian civilization?
- A. The invention a monotheistic religion.
- B. The development of astronomy and mathematics.
- C. The development of alphabetic writing.
- D. The construction of great monuments for kings and gods.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 58.Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Athenian democracy?
- A. The dominance of the city by tyrants.
- B. The prominence of the Senate in governing the city.
- C. The passage of laws through direct participation of citizens.
- D. The prominence of women in the making of laws.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 59.What role did the Catholic Church play in Europe during the early Middle Ages?
- A. As a home for the development of democratic ideas.
- B. As a supporter of capitalistic enterprises.
- C. As a protector of the rights of peasants and serfs.
- D. As a center of culture and learning.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 60.What was the battle that led to the end of Persian Empire in the 7th century?
- A. The Battle of Karbala
- B. The Battle Nihawand
- C. The Battle of Tours
- D. The Battle of Qadesiyya
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 61.Which of the following helped Italy achieve unification in the 19th century?
- A. The adoption of a policy of neutrality by Cavour in the Crimean War
- B. The weakening of the power of the Pope in Europe
- C. The spread of Italian nationalism in the Peninsula
- D. The support of France and Austria to the Italian cause
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 62.In what ways did the British and French systems of administration in colonial Africa differ?
- A. The British used private companies in administering their colonies while the French did not use such companies
- B. The British sought to make Africans full citizens while the French denied citizenship to Africans
- C. The British used excessive force in their colonies while the French rarely resorted to violence
- D. The British ruled indirectly through local chiefs while the French ruled directly themselves
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 63.How did long distance trade help in the consolidation of states in the Gibe region?
- A. By introducing the idea of kingship from the Christian kingdom
- B. By bringing messages of encouragement from elsewhere rulers
- C. Through the introduction of modern firearms that helped rulers defeat rivals
- D. By introducing new ideas and practices that legitimized the power of rulers
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 64.What was the major difference between the administrative styles of emperors Tewodros and Yohannes?
- A. Tewodros sought to use the Church in his administration while Yohannes did not
- B. Tewodros centralized power in his hands while Yohannes did not
- C. Tewodros employed Europeans in his administration while Yohannes did not
- D. Tewdros sought to use modern techniques of administration while Yohannes did not
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 65.What was the tactic used by the Ethiopians to eject the Italians out of Mekelle in January 1896?
- A. Misleading them through false movements of troops
- B. Spreading propaganda against their Eritrean askaris
- C. Cutting rebellion against them in Eritrea
- D. Denying them access to sources of water
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 66.Why did the Shewan nobility oppose Lij Iyasu?
- A. he threatened the Orthodox Church by converting to Islam
- B. he threatened their political position in the Empire
- C. he worked to reorganize Ethiopia's foreign policy
- D. he sought to introduce a modern system of administration
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 67.Which one of the following initiatives of Lij Iyasu was important in reforming the legal system in the country?
- A. Establishment of an audit department in the Ministry of Finance
- B. Introduction of the German legal code to the country
- C. Introduction of a new way of assessing tax on produce
- D. Abolition of the system of identifying robbers and thieves
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 68.What was the main feature of the Diarchy in the government of early 20th-century Ethiopia?
- A. Rivalry between conservative and progressive groups in the ruling class
- B. Less rivalry among the nobility compared to the preceding period
- C. Rapid penetration of European institutions of government
- D. Consolidation of power by the Empress at the expense of the Regent
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 69.Which one of the following provisions of the 1931 Constitution enabled the creation of autocratic rule by Emperor Haile Sellassie? The provision which:
- A. stated that the Emperor should be the direct of descendant of King Solomon
- B. granted the Emperor the right to sign treaties with foreign powers
- C. gave the Emperor the right to disband parliament at his own will
- D. stated the parliament should have lower and upper chambers
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 70.Why did the Ashanti Empire succeed in repulsing the British in 1876?
- A. they had witches who terrorized the British
- B. they formed an alliance with the coastal Fante people
- C. the British had support from the French
- D. they had a well-organized army
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 71.What strategy did the Indian National Congress adopt in fighting for independence?
- A. Working with the Japanese to undermine the British
- B. Forming a united front with the Muslim League
- C. Armed struggle and civil disobedience methods
- D. Non-violence struggle methods
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 72.Which one of the following was a consequence of the First Arab-Israeli War?
- A. The conquest of the whole of Jerusalem by Israel
- B. The formation of the PLO as leader of the Palestinians
- C. The emergence of a Palestinian Arab refugee problem
- D. The recognition of Israel as an independent state
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 73.Why did the USA decide to intervene in Vietnam after the French defeat?
- A. Promise given to France that it its defeat by the Vietnamese forces would be avenged
- B. Dislike for the idea of partition of Vietnam between the north and south
- C. To test the extent to which Russia was determined to maintain its dominance in Asia
- D. Fear that Vietnamese victory would lead to the spread of communism across the region
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 74.How did the British help Haile Selassie consolidate his powers after 1941?
- A. By keeping the Italian's out of all Somali-inhabited areas
- B. By training and equipping his army
- C. By keeping control over Ethiopia's foreign relations
- D. By restoring his government in troublesome provinces like the Ogaden
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 75.Which one of the following became elective under the 1955 Constitution?
- A. The Crown Council
- B. The Office of the Prime Minister
- C. The Senate
- D. The Chamber of Deputies
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 76.Why did the 1960 coup against Haile Sellassie fail?
- A. the neighbouring colonial powers opposed it
- B. it was not planned and led effectively
- C. the people of Addis Ababa did not support it
- D. it was led by a civilian with no military experience
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 77.Which one of the following was a consequence of the 1974 Ethiopian Revolution?
- A. Abolition of status and class
- B. Transformation of peasant agriculture
- C. Centralization of power under a new regime
- D. Democratization of state and politics
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 78.What was the distinctive feature of the pan-African movement as practiced by Garvey?
- A. That blacks in the diaspora can achieve full independence only by returning to Africa
- B. That the Pan-African movement should be led by Africans in the Continent
- C. That 'pan-Africanism' should ensure economic independence for Africans
- D. That blacks should fight for their rights in their respective countries
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 79.What strategy was used by the Mau Mau in struggling for Kenya's independence?
- A. Putting diplomatic pressure on the British at the UN
- B. Organizing an armed struggle against the British
- C. Adopting the principle of non-violent struggle used in India
- D. Frighten out the British by undertaking scary oaths
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 80.What was the idea articulated at the All-African People's Conference at Accra that became a key principle of the OAU? The idea that:
- A. all African states should work towards democratizing the state
- B. African states should stand with oppressed nations globally
- C. the immediate goal of Africans should be economic union
- D. states should respect each other's territorial integrity
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 81.What is prehistory?
- A. The method palaeontologists' use in dating fossils
- B. The method archaeologists use to dig out material objects
- C. The study of the period before the beginning of writing
- D. The study of non-literate societies
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 82.Which of the following is correct about the theory of evolution?
- A. Claims that human beings first originated in Europe
- B. States that humans are products of natural selection and adaptation
- C. Argues that humans were first civilized in ancient Greece and Rome
- D. Argues that human beings are descendants of Adam and Eve
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 83.Which of the following is correct about the Mesolithic age?
- A. It is the longest of the three stone ages in human prehistory
- B. It witnessed the shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture
- C. It was a period that preceded the Neolithic age
- D. Its defining feature was the invention of the technology of fire
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 84.What is the central point in the theocratic theory of state formation?
- A. That states emerged first in The Middle East
- B. That states were created by religious experts
- C. states were formed along river valleys
- D. It emerged with the emergence of private property
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 85.What does the construction of the pyramids by the ancient Egyptians demonstrate?
- A. They had made significant advances in engineering and architecture
- B. They believed in the idea of life after death
- C. They had intense interaction with Sumer
- D. Their rulers mobilized vast resources from subject populations
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 86.Which of the following achievements of ancient Persia helped the state in maintaining administrative control of the Empire?
- A. The construction of a defensive wall along the borders of the Empire
- B. Effective use of examinations to recruit administrators
- C. The introduction of an effective postal relay system
- D. The development of a religion called Zoroastrianism
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 87.Which one of the following was the earliest state in Ethiopia and the Horn?
- A. Aksum
- B. Damat
- C. Yeba
- D. Punt
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 88.Which one of the following is a major achievement of the Muslim Arab civilization?
- A. The opening up of new trade routes to Africa and Asia
- B. The preservation of ancient Greek texts through translation
- C. The development of paper money for international trade
- D. The introduction of new technologies of warfare to Europe
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 89.What features of the Zagwe period show that there was cultural continuity with the Aksumite period?
- A. The use of Greek as a commercial language
- B. The attempt by the state to expand its territory to the eastern lowlands
- C. The important role Christianity enjoyed as official religion of the state
- D. The continued importance of Debre Masawa and Zeyla for international trade
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 90.Why did the Christian highland kingdom in Medieval Ethiopia depend on mobile camps rather than permanent capitals?
- A. there was scarcity of lime (nora) which was important for building permanent buildings
- B. the mobile camps enabled rulers to control their empire more effectively than the permanent capitals
- C. the warrior kings of the time disliked the luxury life associated with permanent towns
- D. the tradition of building towns had disappeared with the Aksumites
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 91.Which one of the following was a major cause of The First World War?
- A. Rise of Intense nationalism among European countries
- B. Contest over who should control the oil fields of the Middle East
- C. Disagreement among European powers on the partition of Africa
- D. Rivalry over spheres of influence in Southeast Asia
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 92.Which one of the following was responsible for the outbreak of the 1917 Russian Revolution?
- A. The imposition of a harsh treaty by Germany over Russia
- B. The dismissal of the Duma by Czar Nicholas II
- C. The military losses that Russia suffered in WWI
- D. The assassination of Rasputin by the socialists
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 93.Which one of the following was true about the period of Italian occupation of Ethiopia?
- A. The expansion of road infrastructure
- B. The creation of an educated class
- C. The growth of heavy industries
- D. The introduction of decentralized administration
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 94.How did the outbreak of WWII in Europe affect Ethiopia?
- A. It led the British to focus on Europe and hence delayed Ethiopia's liberation
- B. It led to the reduction of Italian troops in Ethiopia and hence encouraged the growth of the resistance movement
- C. It forced the Ethiopian resistance movement to change its tactics from guerrilla warfare to conventional warfare
- D. It gained Ethiopia the support of the British government and hence facilitated its liberation
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 95.Why was the UNO established?
- A. To provide a way out of Cold War politics
- B. To facilitate the process of decolonization
- C. To resolve international conflicts peacefully
- D. To fight against global climate change
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 96.What did the anti-colonial movements in Algeria and Kenya in the 1950s have in common?
- A. Both initially opposed complete independence but accepted it later
- B. Both tried peaceful methods but resorted to armed resistance when that failed
- C. Both were led by leaders who supported the Indian tactic of peaceful resistance
- D. Both were urban based movements that sought to advance the interests of the middle classes
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 97.Why did independent African states establish the OAU in 1963?
- A. Because the United States had encouraged them to do so
- B. Because they desired to spread democracy across the Continent
- C. Because they wanted to establish an association independent of the Super Powers
- D. Because they wanted to advance the struggle against colonialism
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 98.Which one of the following institutions in Ethiopia was rebuilt with the help of the US in the post-liberation period?
- A. The Imperial Highway Authority
- B. The Parliament
- C. The Imperial Board of Telecommunications
- D. The Imperial Body Guard
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 99.Which one of the following was a consequence of the 1973-74 famine for the Imperial Government of Ethiopia?
- A. The inability of the government to repulse the Somali invasion
- B. The withdrawal of US support from the government
- C. The adoption of a radical land reform program
- D. The loss of legitimacy for the regime
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app.