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Grade 12 History national exam, 2013 E.C. (2021 G.C.)
30 questions · 120 minutes. The first 5 answers are shown with explanations; sit the whole paper timed in the app to get your score and the textbook page behind every question.
- 1.Which of the following was Not a motivation for European coloni alism in Africa?
- A. Protection of African's natural environment.
- B. New areas of capital investment.
- C. Sources of raw materials and markets.
- D. Territories for settlement of surplus population.
Answer: A. Europe went into Africa for profit. The stated motives were cheap raw materials for factories, protected markets for finished goods, fresh places to invest capital, and land for surplus population. Caring for Africa's natural environment was never one of them. Colonial rule pushed the other way, clearing forest and turning land over to cash crops and mines. Since B, C and D are all real motives, the answer is A. Textbook: Grade 10, unit 2 · section 2.6.3. - 2.What was the important principle approved at The Berlin Conference that was designed to facilitate the process of colonization in Africa?
- A. The principle of peaceful occupation of colonies
- B. The principle of the The White Man's Burden
- C. The principle of equitable distribution of colonies
- D. The principle of effective occupation
Answer: D. The question tests the main rule agreed at the Berlin Conference to support colonization. Effective occupation meant a country had to show real control over an area to claim it. A is wrong because peaceful occupation was not the agreed rule; B is wrong because the White Man’s Burden was not the principle asked for; C is wrong because the conference did not establish equitable sharing as its key principle. Textbook: Grade 10, unit 2 · section 2.2. - 3.Which one of the following was true about African resistance against colonial rule during the inter-war period? It was
- A. mainly inspired by ideas from the Ethiopianist churches.
- B. mostly aimed at securing better economic and political rights
- C. organized by Africans who had participated in WWI
- D. primarily based in the rural areas and led by chiefs
Answer: B. The question tests the aims of African resistance to colonial rule between the world wars. Much resistance sought better economic and political rights for Africans. A is wrong because resistance was not mainly inspired by Ethiopianist churches. C is wrong because it was not mostly organized by Africans who had fought in World War I. D is wrong because resistance was not primarily rural and led by chiefs. Textbook: Grade 12, unit 7 · section 7.1. - 4.What was the most common strategy that the Africans used in express" ing their discontent with colonial rule during the inter-war period?
- A. Gucrilla warfare
- B. Boycotting elections
- C. Writing petitions
- D. Violent armed struggle
Answer: C. The question tests the common way Africans expressed opposition to colonial rule between the two world wars. Many people used petitions, which are written requests or complaints to those in power. A is wrong because guerrilla warfare was not the most common method. B is wrong because boycotting elections was not the main method. D is wrong because violent armed struggle was not the most common approach. Textbook: Grade 10, unit 7 · section 7.1. - 5.Which one Of the following was correct about the period Of Fascist Occupation in Ethiopia?
- A. It was a time of investment in the steel and chemical industries
- B. It saw the establishment of provinces mainly along ethnic lines
- C. It was characterized by absence of racial distinction and oppression
- D. It witnessed the spread of literacy among the elite as well as the masses
Answer: B. After May 1936 the Italians merged Ethiopia with Eritrea and Somalia into Italian East Africa and cut it into six regions drawn largely along ethnic and regional lines: Eritrea with Tigray, Amhara with its capital at Gondar, Oromo and Sidama with its capital at Jimma, Addis Ababa (later Shewa), Harar, and Somalia with the Ogaden. Option A is the trap. The Italians did invest, but in roads, housing and small light industry, not in steel and chemicals. Racial segregation was strict, and schools for Ethiopians were closed rather than expanded. Textbook: Grade 10, unit 3 · section 3.5. - 6.Which one of the following was strength of anti-fascist resistance in Ethiopia?
- A. Its mobilization of various sections of the population
- B. Its capacity to wage conventional war
- C. Its success in establishment a national organization
- D. Its concentration in the cities than in the countryside
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 7.The USA and Ethiopia started to establish relation in 1952 when the "Qagnaw station", a communication was built by the Americans. Then, two additional agreements signed known as - "The pont four" and MAAG (Military advisory and training).
- A. he builds his image globally.
- B. They provided military training and subsidies that helped the Emperor build a national army loyal to him.
- C. They helped the Emperor build a strong airline that made control
- D. They provided military help to the Emperor to establish control over the rebel provinces of Ogden and Eritrea.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 8.Which one of the following entities established a manufacturing industry in Ethiopia in the 1950s?
- A. CADU
- B. Point Four
- C. MIDROC
- D. HVA
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 9.Why did Girmame and Mengistu Neway organize a coup against the Emperor in 1960?
- A. To create a modern army that would withland the eminent threat from Somalia,
- B. To establish a constitutional monarchy that would speed up Ethio. Pia's development
- C. To radically transform Ethiopia's society by adopting an Ethiopian form of Socialism.
- D. To punish the Emperor for confiscating their family's lands in the south
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 10.Who were the founders of Great Zimbabwe?
- A. South African Boers
- B. Shirazi Arabs from Persia
- C. Shona- speaking peoples
- D. Traders from Phoenicia
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 11.What was the basis of the economic prosperity for the Hausa states of West Africa?Their
- A. strategic location between the sahel and tropical forests
- B. success in creating a unified empire
- C. adherence to a moderate form of Islam
- D. political alliance with the neighboring state of Kanem-Bornu Slave in
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 12.which it was dominated by individual merchants and adventures?
- A. Mercantilist
- B. Piratic
- C. Triangular
- D. Monopolistic
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 13.What did the term "triangular" refer to in connection with the frans Atlantic Slave "frade?
- A. The imbalance that existed in the value of the commodities exchanged between Africa, Europe and the Americans.
- B. The linkage between the three continents involved in the trade of the times.
- C. The sitting arrangements used inside the ships that carried slaves to the Americans.
- D. The design of the ships that transported slaves from African to the Americans.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 14.What was the major objective of the Portuguese explorations of the 16th and 16th centuries?
- A. The desire to enrich the state by locating new sources of com modities and markets.
- B. The desire to secure sources of iron and coal for building the Portuguese navy
- C. 'Ihe desire to establish buffer zones against the aggressively expanding Ottoman empire
- D. The desire to expand the teachings of reformed Catholic Churchglobally.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 15.Which one of the following was a factor behind the establishment ofthe Non-Aligned movement?
- A. The failure of the UN to resolve international conflicts especially
- B. in East Asia Council to developing countries
- C. The desire to receive assistance both from the Communist and
- D. The desire to unify the world through a non-ideological organization
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 17.Which of the following countries achieved independence trough armed struggle?
- A. Tunisia
- B. Kenya
- C. Ghana
- D. Liberia
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 18.Which of the following crisis was the OAU able to mediate successfully?
- A. The Morocco- Western Saharan Conflict
- B. The Ethio- Somalian War
- C. The Biafran War
- D. The Congo Crisis
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 19.Which of the following is the biggest contemporary threat to African economic development?
- A. State failure
- B. The HIV pandemic
- C. Environmental degradation
- D. The debt crisis
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 20.Which of the following Medieval Islamic scholars contributed to the development of the field of medicine?
- A. ibnishaq
- B. Ibn-Sina
- C. Al-Bakri
- D. Ibn-Khaldum
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 21.What can the tajmahal tell us about Medieval Indian civilization? That it
- A. had advanced knowledge of the construction of canals.
- B. was secular despite its claim of being ardently Muslim.
- C. borrowed its building traditions from Persia.
- D. had major achievements in the field of architecture.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 22.Which one of the following can be a primary source for writing Ethiopia's economic history during the imperial period?
- A. The various documents of the Five-Year Development Plans
- B. A phd dissertation on the history of The Bank of Abyssinia
- C. Reports of Addis Zemen on the appointment dismissal of officials
- D. The memoir of the prominent patriot Ras Abebe Aregay
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 23.Which one of the following is correct about the linguistic diversity and unity of the Ethiopian Region?
- A. The presence of a wide variety of languages spoken in the region indicates that the area was a favorite destination for migrants from Asia.
- B. The relatively small number of languages within Omotic family suggests that this was the most recent language to develop in the region
- C. Despite their wide variety, a large number of the languages share common elements due to people's interactions.
- D. The languages of the region expect the Semitic languages originate from one common language Proto - family.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 24.Which of the following areas appears to have been included within the territorial limits of the state of Punt?
- A. Parts of northern Somalia
- B. Ethiopia's Omo Valley
- C. The southern part of the Aksum state
- D. The delta region of Egypt
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 25.Which of the following is a correct comparison of the achievements of the civilizations of Rome and Persia?
- A. Both established forest reserves to reduce environment degradation,
- B. Both developed decentralized state systems that respected local autonomy.
- C. Both developed religious systems in which the emperors were
- D. Both built extensive road networks to control their populations.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 26.What was the distinctive feature of politics during the "Dark Ages"?
- A. Temporary alliance between the nobility and the bourgeoisie against kings
- B. Persistence of peasant rebellions against absolute monarchs
- C. Decentralization of power and authority among various elites
- D. Concentration of power in the hands of autocratic emperors
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 27.What was the key feature of politics in the Byzantine Empire?
- A. The extreme fragmentation of royal authority
- B. The division of political authority between the Patriarchs emperors
- C. The existence of two political capitals in Constantinople Rome
- D. The absolute nature of the power of the emperors
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 28.Which one of the following was important in the development of early capitalism in Europe?
- A. The Chemical industry
- B. Long distance trade
- C. Slave plantations
- D. Railways
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 29.What was the most important invention of the Early Modern period that was behind the global spread of knowledge?
- A. The imposition of English as a global lingua franca
- B. The adaptation of the Arabic numerals for everyday use
- C. The invention of the movable printing press
- D. The discovery of paper and ink
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 30.What do archaeological findings tell us about the distribution of Neolithic cultures in the Ethiopian region?
- A. That they originated in the north and then spread to the south
- B. That they were found across extensive areas of the region
- C. That they were first developed in the south and then spread to the north
- D. That they were limited to the border areas between Ethiopia and Eritrea
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 31.Which one of the following best characterizes early states?
- A. They tended to confer political rights to limited sections of society
- B. They were the main agents for spreading democratic principles
- C. They were primarily the creations of a priestly class
- D. They tended to be guided by egalitarian principles than later states
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app.