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Grade 12 Geography national exam, 2012 E.C. (2020 G.C.)
30 questions · 120 minutes. The first 5 answers are shown with explanations; sit the whole paper timed in the app to get your score and the textbook page behind every question.
- 1.What is the most sparsely populated country in northern Africa?
- A. Tunisia
- B. Libya
- C. Egypt
- D. Algeria
Answer: B. North Africa is mostly Sahara, so people crowd into the few places with water. Libya covers about 1.76 million square kilometres but holds only around 7 million people, which works out at roughly 4 people per square kilometre, the thinnest spread in the region. Egypt is the tempting answer because its desert looks empty, but almost all Egyptians are packed along the Nile valley and delta, so the country as a whole is far more crowded than Libya. Textbook: Grade 10, unit 1 · section 1.3. - 2.In which region of Africa is the highest infant mortality rate found?
- A. Western Africa
- B. Eastern Africa
- C. Northern Africa
- D. Central Africa
Answer: D. Infant mortality is the number of deaths of infants before age one. Central Africa has the highest infant mortality rate among the listed regions. A is wrong because Western Africa’s rate is lower than Central Africa’s. B is wrong because Eastern Africa’s rate is lower than Central Africa’s. C is wrong because Northern Africa’s rate is lower than Central Africa’s. Textbook: Grade 10, unit 4 · section 4.2. - 3.Which one best characterizes the African population?
- A. Low crude death rate in the world
- B. High immigrants from other continents
- C. Categorized as young age group
- D. Dominated by old age population
Answer: C. Africa's median age was about 19.7 years in 2020, while Europe's was 42.5 years. A low median age means half the people are still children or teenagers, so the continent is dominated by the young age group. Option A fails because Africa's crude death rate is not the lowest in the world; it is about 8 per 1,000, the same as the world figure and higher than in several richer regions. High fertility, not migration, is what keeps the African population young. Textbook: Grade 10, unit 4 · section 4.3. - 4.What is the main reason for the low sex ration in sub- Saharan African countries?
- A. The region is characterized by a large number of female immigrants
- B. The drought condition of the region highly affects male population
- C. There is huge loss of male population due to war and migration
- D. Female births exceed male births in the region
Answer: C. The key idea is that a low sex ratio means there are fewer males compared with females. C is correct because war and migration can remove many men from the population. A is wrong because the option does not establish that female immigration is the main cause across the region. B is wrong because drought can affect the whole population, and the option does not explain why it would especially reduce the male population. D is wrong because male births usually slightly exceed female births, not the reverse. Textbook: Grade 10, unit 4 · section 4.3. - 5.People often move from their original residence to another place in the same country in search of work. This happens for a short period as the people retum to their original place when the working season is over. What is type of movement called?
- A. International migration
- B. Intra-continental migration
- C. Permanent migration
- D. Temporary migration
Answer: D. Movement that lasts only for a short time is temporary migration. The people return to their original place when the working season ends, so this is temporary migration. A is wrong because international migration crosses a country’s border. B is wrong because intra-continental migration is movement within the same continent. C is wrong because permanent migration does not involve returning after a short period. Textbook: Grade 10, unit 7 · section 7.2. - 6.What is the disadvantage of migration to the losing countries?
- A. It put more pressure on public services
- B. It losses people in productive age group
- C. It increases cost of services
- D. It leads to overcrowding
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 7.Which one of the following is the disadvantage of migration to the receiving countries?
- A. An increase in the number of skilled workers
- B. A reduction in pressure on jobs
- C. A reduction in social and racial tension
- D. Communication barrier
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 8.What is the main reason for the highest rate of urbanization in Africa?
- A. High rate of urban to urban migration
- B. Advancement of social services in urban areas
- C. High fertility rate in the urban areas
- D. The expansion of industries in urban areas
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 9.In which region of Africa is the highest level of urbanization in found?
- A. Eastern Africa
- B. Southern Africa
- C. Western Africa
- D. Northern Africa
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 10.Among the following, which one is the main impact of rapid urbanization in urban areas of Africa?
- A. Language difficulties
- B. Theft related crime
- C. Noise pollution
- D. Improper waste disposal
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 11.Which part of Ethiopia contributes rainfall water to the Wabishebelle River?
- A. Hararghe
- B. Keffa
- C. Shewa
- D. Illubabor
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 12.What are the two major rivers of inland drainage system in Ethiopia?
- A. The Baro-Akobo and the Tekezze Rivers
- B. The Wabishebelle and the Genale Rivers
- C. The Awash and the Omo-Ghibe Rivers
- D. The Abay and the Didessa Rivers
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 13.In which part of Ethiopia are most of the highland lakes found?
- A. Shewa
- B. Wello
- C. Tigray
- D. Wellega
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 14.Which one of the following is relatively the most utilized river for irrigation and hydroelectric power generation in Ethiopia?
- A. The Ghibe River
- B. The Fincha Rive
- C. The Awash River
- D. The Abbay River
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 15.Which one of the following represents the sphere of water bodies?
- A. Anthroposphere
- B. Lithosphere
- C. Hydrosphere
- D. Biosphere
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 16.A geography teacher aims to teach course, introduction to Climatology. He wants to cove the spatial distribution, variation and interaction of climatic system of the world course. Among the following geographical approaches, which one is the best approach for the teacher to use?
- A. Systematic approach
- B. Regional approach
- C. Quantitative approach
- D. Analytical approach
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 17.Agricultural activities carried out in Ethiopia have contributed to climate change. Climate change has in turn an adverse impact on agricultural yields. To reduce the impact of climate change, Ethiopian farmers have developed different adaption strategies. Which school of geographical thoughts is concerned with such interactions between the environment and human activities?
- A. Quantitative revolution
- B. Environmental Perception
- C. Environmental possibilism
- D. Environmental determinism
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 18.What is the use of geographic knowledge that is used to solve spatial problems called?
- A. Political geography.
- B. Applied geography.
- C. Human geography
- D. Physical geography
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 19.Which sub-field of geography studies the behavior of human population
- A. Historical geography
- B. Population geography
- C. Political geography
- D. Cultural geography
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 20.The Awash and the Abbay river basins are separated from one another by the Shoan Plateau. In this case the Shoan plateau is
- A. drainage basin
- B. drainage system
- C. drainage pattern
- D. watershed
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 21.What type of drainage pattern do you expect in areas that consist of rocks of different hardness?
- A. Rectangula
- B. Centripetal
- C. Trellis
- D. Dendritic
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 22.Sources of rivers are a higher ground that are covered by hard rocks which cannot easily be eroded. If an area has ample rainfall, what type of drainage pattern, do you think, can develop in the area?
- A. Rectangular
- B. Centripetal
- C. Trellis
- D. Radial
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 23.Under what condition is a river capture formed?
- A. It is formed in a watershed that comprises higher ground.
- B. It is formed in area where the pirate's river has a moderate slope and erosion resistant course.
- C. It is formed when heavy precipitation occurs on the pirate's river side of the watershed.
- D. It is formed in areas where the rock on the side of the victim river is harder.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 24.Among the following, which one explains the feature of a river at its middle course?
- A. The slope of the river gets stepper than it does at the upper course.
- B. The sediment carrying capacity is higher than it is at the lower course.
- C. The volume of the river discharged is lower than it is at upper course.
- D. The speed of water flow is faster it is at the upper course.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 25.What is the average amount of money that an individual is expected to have as result of the country's gross national product?
- A. Per capital income
- B. Standard of living
- C. Gross national product
- D. Gross domestic product
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 26.Which African is sub-region is known for its low Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?
- A. Horn of Africa
- B. Magherb Africa
- C. Western African
- D. Southern Africa
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 27.What characterizes countries of low standard of living?
- A. High life expectancy
- B. Low per capita income
- C. Standard housing
- D. Low fertility rate
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 28.Which one of the following characterizes the African economy?
- A. Tertiary economic sector has a major share in its GDP.
- B. Secondary economic sector is the backbone of the African economy.
- C. There is very inter high African communication network.
- D. Its inter and intra-regional trade is at low.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 29.Why are most countries of Africa considered to be not so developed?
- A. There is high dependency on primary economic sectors.
- B. They have high level of import substituting industries.
- C. Their exports are mainly high value products.
- D. Their economy largely depends on manufacturing sector.
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app. - 30.Which one of the following adversely affect the prospect of African development?
- A. Existence of free trades and common currency
- B. Prevalence of political instability and civil war
- C. Availability of untapped mineral resources
- D. Large territorial and population size
Answer, explanation and textbook page: open in the app.