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Biology Grade 12 Unit 2: MICROORGANISMS

82 national exam questions have come from this unit. It runs 74 pages; one careful study pass takes about 5.4 hours, and its difficulty is harder among Biology units. Each section below lists the questions set from it, with the year, and opens the page that teaches it.

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2.1 Eubacteria · read p. 43
  • 2018 E.C., Q58 – What is the key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
  • 2017 E.C., Q59 – Which of the following correctly describes the general features of bacteria? They are unicellular microbes with
  • 2005 E.C., Q6 – Which of the following kingdoms of life is consisting of prokaryotic organisms?
2.1.1 Structure of Bacterial Cell · read p. 45
  • 2018 E.C., Q59 – Which shape do cocci bacteria have?
  • 2016 E.C., Q16 – Which one of the following statements is correct about the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? Prokaryotic cells have
  • 2015 E.C., Q43 – In Gram staining, if some bacteria retain the crystal violet after counter staining, then the bacteria is
  • 2014 E.C., Q1 – Bacterial cell wall is unique due to its
  • 2013 E.C., Q68 – One of the differences of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is their cell wall. This is because cell wall of prokaryotic cell is
  • 2012 E.C., Q10 – In this biology section, a biology student applied a Gram stain two groups of bacteria named X and Y. At the end, he observed that the bacteria X stained purple while bacteria Y stained pink, which of the following could
  • 2012 E.C., Q9 – What is the chemical composition of bacterial cell wall?
  • 2009 E.C., Q67 – Among the following which one best describes the cell of bacteria?
  • 2008 E.C., Q82 – Which of the following is the best collective name for all bacteria with spherical shape?
  • 2007 E.C., Q7 – What colour do gram-positive bacteria stain with Gram's stain?
  • 2006 E.C., Q13 – Which of the following groups of bacteria consists of rod shaped cells?
2.1.2 Bacterial Shapes · read p. 52
Not asked in a national paper yet.
2.1.3 Nutritional types of bacteria · read p. 52
Not asked in a national paper yet.
2.1.4 Reproduction of bacteria · read p. 53
  • 2016 E.C., Q27 – Identify the correct mechanism of bacterial reproduction by conjugation.
  • 2011 E.C., Q62 – Transfer of a gene or genes through a virus is called:
  • 2007 E.C., Q18 – What is the processes called when two bacteria directly contact cell to cell and exchange their genetic information?
2.2 Archaea · read p. 57
Not asked in a national paper yet.
2.2.1 Beneficial aspects of Archaea · read p. 57
  • 2018 E.C., Q60 – Which of the following best describes the habitat of Archaea?
  • 2017 E.C., Q64 – Question: Which group of archaea are found in volcanic vents and hot vapors that contain either obligate aerobes, facultative aerobes or obligate anaerobes?
2.2.2 Physical factors that affecting microbial growths · read p. 60
Not asked in a national paper yet.
2.3 Fungi · read p. 62
Not asked in a national paper yet.
2.3.1 General Characteristics of True Fungi · read p. 62
  • 2016 E.C., Q28 – Which of the following features is NOT the characteristic feature of fungi?
2.3.2 Ecology of Fungi · read p. 62
Not asked in a national paper yet.
2.3.3 Classification of Fungi · read p. 62
Not asked in a national paper yet.
2.3.4 Reproduction in fungi · read p. 62
Not asked in a national paper yet.
2.3.5 Economic importance of fungi · read p. 66
  • 2017 E.C., Q68 – From the fungal disease given below, which one is transmitted sexually?
  • 2005 E.C., Q54 – Which group of micro-organisms cause the diseases known as athletes foot?
2.4 Protozoa · read p. 71
Not asked in a national paper yet.
2.4.1 Common diseases caused by protozoa · read p. 71
  • 2018 E.C., Q65 – Which of the following protozoan diseases affects the liver and causes diarrhea in humans?
  • 2018 E.C., Q63 – Which of the following diseases is caused by the protozoan Plasmodium?
  • 2017 E.C., Q71 – This item is based on the following choices of feeding habit employed by organisms. I. Using nutrients dissolved in the surrounding medium II. Manufacturing own nutrients by photosynthesis III. Depending on other plants
2.5 Viruses · read p. 78
Not asked in a national paper yet.
2.5.1 Characteristics of virus · read p. 79
2.5.2 Viral symmetry · read p. 81
  • 2018 E.C., Q67 – Which of the following types of viruses contain RNA as their genetic material?
  • 2018 E.C., Q68 – In which of the following structures do DNA viruses primarily replicate?
  • 2015 E.C., Q76 – Which one of the following sentences is true about viruses?
  • 2013 E.C., Q13 – Which one of the following is a DNA virus?
  • 2011 E.C., Q79 – Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between a bacterium and a virus?
  • 2011 E.C., Q42 – What is a capsid?
  • 2011 E.C., Q57 – When is reverse transcriptase a useful enzyme? When:
  • 2011 E.C., Q67 – In what way do retro viruses differ from the other RNA viruses?
  • 2010 E.C., Q60 – Which of the following is responsible for rapid evolution in RNA viruses?
  • 2009 E.C., Q70 – Which of the following groups of viruses copy their RNA to DNA?
  • 2008 E.C., Q64 – Which step in the HIV life cycle is disrupted by antiretroviral drug that competitively inhibits the reverse transcriptase enzyme?
  • 2008 E.C., Q86 – Which characteristics of RNA makes it suitable for moving out of the nucleus?
  • 2007 E.C., Q35 – In which of the following ways do retroviruses differ from other RNA viruses?
  • 2005 E.C., Q75 – On which one of the following principle are most of the anti-HIV drugs currently in use working?
2.5.3 Classification of Viruses · read p. 84
  • 2018 E.C., Q69 – Which of the following is NOT a stage in the viral replication cycle?
  • 2017 E.C., Q72 – Which one of the following diseases is correctly matched with its symptoms and method of transmission?
  • 2016 E.C., Q29 – What is the argument behind the need of appropriate host cell for viruses to replicate themselves? Because
  • 2015 E.C., Q16 – The logical order of the steps listed above would be
  • 2014 E.C., Q5 – Unlike free living cells, viruses are completely
  • 2014 E.C., Q4 – Which one of the following is correct concerning the reproductive cycles of viruses?
  • 2013 E.C., Q34 – What is the major difference that viruses have with free living cells? Viruses
  • 2013 E.C., Q14 – Which one of the following is a correct comparison of lytic and lysogenic cycles of virus multiplication?
  • 2012 E.C., Q1 – Which of the following viruses is a RNA virus?
  • 2011 E.C., Q91 – Which one of the following happens during integration of viruses in host cells?
  • 2010 E.C., Q25 – In what main way do retroviruses such as HIV differ from other types of RNA viruses ?
  • 2010 E.C., Q48 – Which of the following is essential in order for a virus to replicate?
  • 2007 E.C., Q70 – Which stage in the life cycle of HIV is disrupted if AIDs patients are treated with a drug that has protease in habiting activity?
  • 2007 E.C., Q86 – One of the following is true about bacteriophages that have lysogenic life cycle.
  • 2006 E.C., Q67 – Which stage in the life cycle of HIV is inhibited by the antiretroviral drug known as integrase ᓼ inhibitor?
  • 2005 E.C., Q83 – If a new anti-HIV drug is to be developed to prevent the virus form entering the host cell, which one of the following processes should the drug target?
  • 2005 E.C., Q37 – To which of the following groups do those bacterio phages that integrate their DNA in to the chromosome of their bacterial host belong?
2.6 Normal microbionta · read p. 90
  • 2017 E.C., Q73 – In order to link a specific microorganism to a specific disease, Koch used mouse as experimental animal... What was his first postulate related with this procedure?
  • 2015 E.C., Q85 – Which one of the following diseases can be caused by more than one type of microorganisms?
  • 2005 E.C., Q15 – What are the most frequent causative agents of food poisoning?
2.7 Modes of disease transmission and ways of prevention · read p. 95
  • 2016 E.C., Q23 – Which one of the following diseases and their mode of transmission is correctly matched?
  • 2011 E.C., Q26 – Which one of the following human diseases is NOT correctly matched with its mode of transmission?
2.8 Uses of microorganisms · read p. 97
  • 2018 E.C., Q71 – What is the main benefit of using anaerobic bacteria in sewage treatment?
  • 2018 E.C., Q49 – What is the main role of biotechnology in medicine?
  • 2017 E.C., Q55 – Considering the diverse application of microorganisms, which of the following best evaluates their overall importance? They have
  • 2015 E.C., Q61 – Which one of the following sentences explains the traditional use of biotechnology? Production of
  • 2014 E.C., Q2 – Which genus of bacteria oxidize hydrogen sulphide to sulphate and make sulphate ions available to be taken by plant roots from the soil?
  • 2013 E.C., Q8 – It is possible to produce human insulin in a bacterial strain. The insulin gene should be inserted in a plasmid and the recombinant DNA plasmid should be inserted into a bacterium. What is the role of the bacterium in th
  • 2012 E.C., Q12 – Which of the following products does NOT need the role of bacteria?
2.9 Controlling microorganisms · read p. 106
  • 2018 E.C., Q11 – What is the main purpose of using UHT (Ultra High Temperature) treatment for food?
  • 2017 E.C., Q57 – Suppose a clinical nurse used a needle to treat a person with HIV/AIDS. What would be the most appropriate method of controlling such microbial infection?
  • 2015 E.C., Q84 – During culturing micro-organisms, all of the following activities are important, EXCEPT
  • 2014 E.C., Q9 – Even though pasteurization is a technique used to heat milk, beer and other foods, it cannot kill pathogenic microorganisms because it
2.11 Renowned Microbiologists in Ethiopia · read p. 110
  • 2017 E.C., Q60 – What is the main difference between anabolism and catabolism in cellular metabolic pathways? Anabolism
  • 2017 E.C., Q58 – As a clinical microbiologist, suppose you want to collect microbes from a food sample and isolate them via serial dilution. How do you determine the isolated colonies that grow on artificial media? By
  • 2016 E.C., Q30 – What is the basic difference between anabolism and catabolism?
  • 2013 E.C., Q91 – Some amino acids are synthesized using transamination process in the cell. This activity more describes the cell's
  • 2011 E.C., Q54 – Which of the following processes indicate the process of photosynthesis?
  • 2011 E.C., Q15 – Respiration is:
  • 2006 E.C., Q48 – Which of the following is an accurate representation of the relationships between the terms metabolism anabolism and catabolism?